"ISIL" and "ISIS" redirect here. For other uses, see ISIL (disambiguation) and ISIS (disambiguation).
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام (Arabic)
ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fil 'Irāq wa ash-Shām
Flag Emblem
Motto: باقية وتتمدد (Arabic)
"Bāqiyah wa-Tatamaddad" (transliteration)
"Remaining and Expanding"[1][2]
Areas controlled by ISIL (1 November 2014)
Territories claimed by ISIL
Rest of Iraq and Syria
Note: map includes uninhabited areas. (as Google earth).
Status Unrecognized state
Capital Ar-Raqqah, Syria [3][4]
35°57′N 39°1′E
Government Self-declared caliphate
- Self-declared caliph[5] Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, "Caliph Ibrahim"[6]
- Field Commander Abu Omar al-Shishani[7][8]
- Spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani[9][10]
Establishment
- Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad formed 1999[11]
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant declared 8 April 2013[12]
- Caliphate declared 29 June 2014
Time zone Arabia Standard Time (UTC+3)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام (Arabic)
Participant in the Iraq War, the Global War on Terrorism, the Iraqi insurgency, and the Syrian Civil War
Current military situation (1 November 2014)
Controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Controlled by other Syrian rebels
Controlled by Syrian government
Controlled by Iraqi government
Controlled by Syrian Kurds
Controlled by Iraqi Kurds
Active 8 April 2013–present[13][14]
Ideology Anti-Shiaism,[15]
Salafist Jihadism
Takfirism
Wahhabism
Area of
operations
Iraq
Syria
Lebanon[16][17]
Turkey[18]
Iran[19]
Strength 80,000–100,000 (up to 50,000 in Syria and 30,000 in Iraq) (SOHR est.)[20][21]
20,000–31,500 (12 Sep. CIA est.)[22]
Part of al-Qaeda (Oct. 2004[23]–Feb. 2014)[24]
Originated as Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād (1999)
Battles
and wars
List of wars and battles
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL /ˈaɪsəl/), also translated as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS /ˈaɪsɪs/; ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fīl-ʻIraq wa ash-Shām), also known by the Arabic acronym Daʿish and self-proclaimed as the Islamic State (IS),[a] is a Sunni, extremist, jihadist unrecognized state and self-proclaimed caliphate based in Iraq and Syria in the Middle East.
The group originated as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999 and this group was the forerunner of Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn, commonly known as Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, AQI took part in the Iraqi insurgency against coalition forces and Iraqi security forces. In 2006, it joined other Sunni insurgent groups to form the Mujahideen Shura Council, which consolidated further into the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) shortly afterwards. At its height, the ISI gained a significant presence in Al Anbar, Nineveh, Kirkuk and other areas, but around 2008, its violent methods led to a backlash from Sunni Iraqis and other insurgent groups and a temporary decline.[b]
In April 2013, the group changed its name to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It grew significantly under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, gaining support in Iraq in the context of perceived economic and political discrimination against Iraqi Sunnis.[26][irrelevant citation] After entering the Syrian Civil War, it established a large presence in the Syrian governorates of Ar-Raqqah, Idlib, Deir ez-Zor and Aleppo.[27] ISIL had close links to al-Qaeda until February 2014 when, after an eight-month power struggle, al-Qaeda cut all ties with the group, citing its failure to consult and "notorious intransigence".[28][29]
The group's original aim was to establish an Islamic state in Sunni-majority regions of Iraq. Following its involvement in the Syrian Civil War, this expanded to include controlling Sunni-majority areas of Syria.[30] It proclaimed a worldwide caliphate on 29 June 2014, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi—known by his supporters as Amir al-Mu'minin, Caliph Ibrahim—was named as its caliph, and the group was renamed the Islamic State.[5] In its self-proclaimed status as a caliphate, it claims religious authority over all Muslims worldwide, and aims to bring most traditionally Muslim-inhabited regions of the world under its political control, beginning with the Levant region, which approximately covers Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Cyprus, and part of southern Turkey.[31][32][33]
The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Israel. The United Nations and Amnesty International have accused the group of grave human rights abuses, and Amnesty International has found it guilty of ethnic cleansing on a "historic scale". The group's actions, authority and theological interpretations have been widely criticized around the world and notably within the Muslim community.
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام (Arabic)
ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fil 'Irāq wa ash-Shām
Flag Emblem
Motto: باقية وتتمدد (Arabic)
"Bāqiyah wa-Tatamaddad" (transliteration)
"Remaining and Expanding"[1][2]
Areas controlled by ISIL (1 November 2014)
Territories claimed by ISIL
Rest of Iraq and Syria
Note: map includes uninhabited areas. (as Google earth).
Status Unrecognized state
Capital Ar-Raqqah, Syria [3][4]
35°57′N 39°1′E
Government Self-declared caliphate
- Self-declared caliph[5] Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, "Caliph Ibrahim"[6]
- Field Commander Abu Omar al-Shishani[7][8]
- Spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani[9][10]
Establishment
- Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad formed 1999[11]
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant declared 8 April 2013[12]
- Caliphate declared 29 June 2014
Time zone Arabia Standard Time (UTC+3)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام (Arabic)
Participant in the Iraq War, the Global War on Terrorism, the Iraqi insurgency, and the Syrian Civil War
Current military situation (1 November 2014)
Controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Controlled by other Syrian rebels
Controlled by Syrian government
Controlled by Iraqi government
Controlled by Syrian Kurds
Controlled by Iraqi Kurds
Active 8 April 2013–present[13][14]
Ideology Anti-Shiaism,[15]
Salafist Jihadism
Takfirism
Wahhabism
Area of
operations
Iraq
Syria
Lebanon[16][17]
Turkey[18]
Iran[19]
Strength 80,000–100,000 (up to 50,000 in Syria and 30,000 in Iraq) (SOHR est.)[20][21]
20,000–31,500 (12 Sep. CIA est.)[22]
Part of al-Qaeda (Oct. 2004[23]–Feb. 2014)[24]
Originated as Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād (1999)
Battles
and wars
List of wars and battles
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL /ˈaɪsəl/), also translated as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS /ˈaɪsɪs/; ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fīl-ʻIraq wa ash-Shām), also known by the Arabic acronym Daʿish and self-proclaimed as the Islamic State (IS),[a] is a Sunni, extremist, jihadist unrecognized state and self-proclaimed caliphate based in Iraq and Syria in the Middle East.
The group originated as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999 and this group was the forerunner of Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn, commonly known as Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI). Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, AQI took part in the Iraqi insurgency against coalition forces and Iraqi security forces. In 2006, it joined other Sunni insurgent groups to form the Mujahideen Shura Council, which consolidated further into the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) shortly afterwards. At its height, the ISI gained a significant presence in Al Anbar, Nineveh, Kirkuk and other areas, but around 2008, its violent methods led to a backlash from Sunni Iraqis and other insurgent groups and a temporary decline.[b]
In April 2013, the group changed its name to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It grew significantly under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, gaining support in Iraq in the context of perceived economic and political discrimination against Iraqi Sunnis.[26][irrelevant citation] After entering the Syrian Civil War, it established a large presence in the Syrian governorates of Ar-Raqqah, Idlib, Deir ez-Zor and Aleppo.[27] ISIL had close links to al-Qaeda until February 2014 when, after an eight-month power struggle, al-Qaeda cut all ties with the group, citing its failure to consult and "notorious intransigence".[28][29]
The group's original aim was to establish an Islamic state in Sunni-majority regions of Iraq. Following its involvement in the Syrian Civil War, this expanded to include controlling Sunni-majority areas of Syria.[30] It proclaimed a worldwide caliphate on 29 June 2014, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi—known by his supporters as Amir al-Mu'minin, Caliph Ibrahim—was named as its caliph, and the group was renamed the Islamic State.[5] In its self-proclaimed status as a caliphate, it claims religious authority over all Muslims worldwide, and aims to bring most traditionally Muslim-inhabited regions of the world under its political control, beginning with the Levant region, which approximately covers Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Cyprus, and part of southern Turkey.[31][32][33]
The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Canada, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Israel. The United Nations and Amnesty International have accused the group of grave human rights abuses, and Amnesty International has found it guilty of ethnic cleansing on a "historic scale". The group's actions, authority and theological interpretations have been widely criticized around the world and notably within the Muslim community.
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